Chapter 1- Kinematics Regents Physics Essays (214 words)

Chapter 1- Kinematics Regents Physics Essays (214 words) Chapter 1- Kinematics Regents Physics Intro to Kinematics Kinematics is the mathematical treatment of the motions of bodies without regard to the forces that produce the motion. Scalar Quantities vs. Vector Quantities 4029075747395 A scalar quantity has magnitude but not direction . For example, the odometer in your family car tells you how fast the car is moving (magnitude or numerical value) but not the direction it is moving . Therefore, the odometer is telling you a scalar quantity (in this case: speed). For example, it tells you 45 mph, but NOT 45 mph East . Here are some examples of scalar quantities: Distance Time Speed Mass Temperature Energy A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. For example, if you ask for directions to the beach in a foreign country, a citizen may tell you 50 km East . The citizen has given you both a magnitude (numerical value) and a direction (North, South, East, West, etc.) Here are some examples of vector quantities: Displacement Acceleration Force Momentum 206692538735 Electric Force Magnetic Force Practice: Determine whether the following are vectors or scalars. 40 m/s East 30 m 40 o C 20 kg(m/s) Northeast 25 N 25 N West Distance Displacement Velocity Speed Momentum

Word Choice Got vs. Gotten

Word Choice Got vs. Gotten Word Choice: Got vs. Gotten Both â€Å"got† and â€Å"gotten† are common terms in North America, but other English dialects do not use â€Å"gotten† at all. So why is this? And what is the exact difference between â€Å"got† and â€Å"gotten†? Check out our guide below to find out how to avoid errors when using these terms. Present and Simple Past Tenses of â€Å"Get† The present tense verb â€Å"get† has several meanings, including: Come to have or receive something (e.g., I hope we get a good reception) Attain, achieve, or obtain something (e.g., I get a newspaper every day) Reach a condition or state (e.g., He will get fat if he eats the whole cake) The simple past tense of this verb is always â€Å"got,† regardless of the context: We got a great reception from the crowd. I got the newspaper this morning. He got fat when he ate all the cake. This applies in all English dialects. So, if you are using the simple present or past tense in your writing, the only terms you will need are â€Å"get† and â€Å"got.† Past Participles: â€Å"Got† and â€Å"Gotten† in American English We use past participles to form the present and past perfect tenses, which both show that an action has been completed. This verb form will follow â€Å"have,† â€Å"has,† or â€Å"had† in a sentence. And American English uses both â€Å"got† and â€Å"gotten† as past participles: We use â€Å"got† when referring to a state of owning or possessing something. We use â€Å"gotten† when referring to a process of â€Å"getting† something. For example, if we were describing the process of â€Å"getting better† at something, we would use the past participle â€Å"gotten† in the perfect tenses: She had gotten better in the last year. But if we were describing possessing enough time for something, we would use â€Å"got.† For example: I have got enough time for a coffee before I go out. The same usage applies in Canadian English. However, the term â€Å"gotten† is much rarer outside North America. Past Participles in Other English Dialects In other English dialects, the correct past participle form of â€Å"get† is always â€Å"got.† For instance, if we were to rewrite the examples above for a British audience, we would say: She had got better in the last year. I have got enough time for a cup of tea. Notice that both sentences use â€Å"got† as a past participle. As such, if you’re writing for a non-American audience, you will not need the word â€Å"gotten.† In fact, the only time this term is used in dialects such as British and Australian English is in old-fashioned terms like â€Å"ill-gotten.† Summary: Got or Gotten? In American English, â€Å"got† and â€Å"gotten† can both be past participles of the verb â€Å"get.† The correct term depends on what you are describing: Use got when referring to a state of owning or possessing something. Use gotten when referring to a process of â€Å"getting† something. However, â€Å"gotten† is extremely rare outside North American (especially in formal writing). As such, you should always use â€Å"got† when you’re writing for a non-American audience. And if you want to be certain your writing is the best it can be, don’t forget to have it proofread.

Literary theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Literary theories - Essay Example (Rivkin & Ryan 2004) Feminist thought and practice analyzes the production of literature and literary representation within the framework that includes all social and cultural formations as they pertain to the role of women in history. Feminist literary theory is multifaceted and dynamic. It is often described merely as the use of feminist principles and techniques to evaluate the textual constructions of gendered meaning. But feminists definitions of gender and of feminism are constantly changing and evolving. Literary theorists have adopted and transformed these definitions, and created an increasingly complex field of study. (Keating, 2002) 1. Bourgeois: Virginia Woolf asserts that women have not been able to write because of the prevalent social conditions that acted as a barrier between them and writing. The Madwoman in the Attic is a seminal work in feminist literature theory. Here Gilbert and Gubar agree with Woolf in her view that women writers of the nineteenth century were restricted in their writing to create their female characters either to personify the ideal woman (angel) or the deviant new woman (monster).(Gilbert &Gubar, 1979) as it was taboo for women to write in the nineteenth century it may be construed that feminist writers were regarded as an aberration of true feminity (angel) or a "madwoman" Gilbert and Gubar asserted that women writers should strive for an identity beyond this type of patriarchal dichotomy. 2. Social or Marxist feminism: This was advocated by Simone de Bouvoir.In her book The Second Sex, Bouvoir stated that social equality between the sexes would result in giving power to women. This would also enable them to create literature of their own. As a socialist feminist she attacks the traditional stereotyping of women in male narratives. 3. French Feminism: This includes a group of feminists including Irigaray who believe that women writing should be drastic in its nature.Luce Irigaray agrees with the French

Church Reformation in the 16th and 17th century Essay

Church Reformation in the 16th and 17th century - Essay Example This compromised the respect accorded to papacy2. Since the schism tarnished the reputation of the papacy authority, it needed a resolution that would re-unite the people. Before the schism, the Catholic Church relied on a centralized Roman leadership. This paper will analyze the decrees that resulted from the emergence of the council of Constance. The issues that led to the schism in the Catholic Church included disputes concerning power and jurisdiction concerning matters3. The rise of English and French monarchies affected the papal authority. Things worsened after the election of the Urban the sixth. This happened in Rome and Urban proved to be extremely brutal forcing most of the other clergy to move back to Avignon where papacy had reigned before4. After their return to Avignon, they went ahead to elect a pope of their own bringing about a great controversy5. The Catholic Church devotees had two popes in power exercising control over the church.6 The division that emerged threa tened to challenge the papacy powers. Different countries opted to support one of the two popes. Haec Sancta: Decree of the Council of Constance, 1415 Majority of the people opined that a council had the capacity to solve the controversy that was proving a threat to the unity of the church7. Although both popes portrayed reluctance to call upon the help of the council in solving the matter, a council came into place to propose solutions for the problem that was prevailing in the Catholic Church. The decree ‘haec Sancta’ declared by the council changed the entire picture of the competition that had resulted from different individuals claiming to have papal authority. The council of Constance was acting as one of the ecumenical councils that had existed in the past of the Catholic Church8. The council introduced the conciliar ideology that was to give rise to additional controversies in the future. The conciliar ideology was of the standing that the councils of the Cathol ic Church held a supreme position. This implied that no clergy was above the council. The pope had a responsibility of recognizing the authority of the council and obeying it. Therefore, the council of Constance made it clear that it held the exquisite authority to resolve the schism that the church was facing9. In accordance, the council disregarded the authority of the competing popes that had resulted from the schism. The council held the reasoning that electing a different individual altogether would restore the unity that had once existed in the church. In addition, the council sought to restore the centrality of power that had existed in papacy. In the decree, the council made it clear that the constitution of t he council was part of the Holy Spirit’s doing. In addition, the council claimed that it had power directed to them from Christ himself. The council then expressed its expectation for every individual regardless of state and dignity to accept the solution it had designed to resolve the schism that prevailed. In addition, the council instituted a second decree concerning the future activities of the council. From 1415 to 1417, the council held sessions that led to critical decisions. The council that was headed by Sigismund as the emperor10. It exercised supremacy in all its decisions, expecting nobody to raise the question of discontent11. The council appointed a new pope, Martin the fifth, restoring the papal authority to Rome12. Council of Constance: Frequens, 1417

Sources of Finance for Business: Pros and Cons

Sources of Finance for Business: Pros and Cons Sources of Finance Finance is essential for a business’s, development and expansion. Finance is the core factor for most businesses and therefore it is crucial for businesses tomanage and maintain their financial resources better. Finance is available to a business from avariety of sources both internal and external. It is also crucial for businesses to choose the most appropriate source of finance for its several needs as different sources have its own benefits and costs. Sources of finance can be classified based on a number of factors and the can be classified as Internal and External, Short-term and Long-term. Identify the sources of finance available to a business Working capital   owners finding that are invested into business from the beginning to finance  operation. Liability will be created in shape of capital. Advantages Since it is an internal source offinance there are no costs involved and no repayment is needed. Disadvantages Opportunity costs are involved. Is not suitable forlong term investments. Working capital cannot raise large amounts of funds. Total risk is undertaken by the company. Using working capital as a source offinance will affect the current ratio of the business. Bank Overdraft   occurs when money is withdrawn from the bank account and the available  balance goes below zero. There are different bank charges which are  depending on the agreement. Advantages This is a good way to cover the period between money going out of and coming into a business. If used in the short-term it is usually cheaper than a bank loan. Disadvantages Interest is repayable on the amount overdrawn Can be expensive if used over a longer period of time. Mortgage this is a loan secured on property repaid in instalments over a long time around  25 years. The business will own the property once the final payment has been  made. This is a long-term source of finance. Advantages Business has the use of the property. Payments are spread over a period of time which is good for budgeting. Once all repayments are made the business will own the asset. Disadvantages This is an expensive method compared to buying with cash. If business does not keep up with repayments the property could be repossessed. Bank loan   This is a fixed amount for a fixed short time with fixed repayment. The interest  on this loan can be expensive. Advantages Set repayments are spread over a period of time which is good for budgeting. Disadvantages Can be expensive due to interest payments. Bank may require security on the loan. Hire purchase occurs when buyer is paying for things or items in fixed instalments while  using the item. Advantages Businesses can have the use of up to date equipment immediately Payments are spread over a period of time which is good for budgeting Once all repayments are made the business will own the asset. Disadvantages This is an expensive method compared to buying with cash. Trade Credit it is a system that allows buying something now and paying letter. For many  business trade credit it is essential for business to growth. Advantages Business can sell the goods first and pay for them later Good for cash flow No interest charged if money is paid within agreed time. Disadvantages Discount given for cash payment would be lost Businesses need to carefully manage their cash flow to ensure they will have money available when the debt is due to be paid. Government Grants – this organisations offer grants to businesses, both established and  new and normally there are some conditions apply. Advantages Don’t have to be repaid. Disadvantages Certain conditions may apply Not all businesses may be eligible for a grant. Factoring   is a financial transaction that occurs whereby a business sells its accounts  receivable to a third part at a discount. Advantages A large proportion of money isreceived within a short time-frame. The sales ledger of the business can be outsourced to the factor. The money collections from debtors are undertaken by the factoring company. Helps a business tohave a smooth cash flow operation. Non-recourse factoring protects the client company from bad debts. Disadvantages The business has to pay interests and fees for the factor for its services. The cost will be areduction on the company’s profit margin. Analyse the costs of different sources of finance Working capital Tangible cost: They do not have any costs as it owner money that will be invested to start a business. Opportunity costs: Could have borrowed extra if the working capital is not enough from relatives, friend. Tax effects: This can be repay when the profit will rise. Bank Overdraft Tangible cost: Interest is a little higher than forbank loans and interest is calculated on a daily basis. This is short term and quick source of finance which is not pay on time extra and large interest charges will apply. Opportunity costs: Could have borrowed from relatives or friend to avoid extra charges or to feel into debts. Tax effects: It can be deducted when the business is increasing asset. Mortgage Tangible cost: Interest rates apply as agreed in monthly instalments over a long time usually for 25 years. Opportunity costs: Could have borrowed from family to avoid the interest fees. Tax effects: The property will be possessed by the organisation if monthly payments are not meet. Bank loan Tangible cost: Interest to be paid on the sum borrowed at agreed rate. Interest is usually fixed forshort term loans, and long-term loans usually have a variable rate of interest. Interest rates are lower than for bank overdrafts. Opportunity costs: Could have borrowed cheaply from relatives or friends. Tax effects: Interest is tax deductible from profit before we arrive at profit figure for tax purpose. Hire purchase Tangible cost: The business ends up paying more than the original value of the asset for its purchase and the interest has been paid in equal instalments. Opportunity costs: Tax effects: Interest charges can be offset against profits for taxation. Trade Credit Tangible cost: If paid on time there is no financial cost involved, however if not paid on time the interest will apply automatically. Opportunity costs: Working capital and friends. Tax effects: own possession of goods can be removed by the debt organisation or sale or rent to cover the interest cost. Government Grants Tangible cost: Government grants are free and have nofinancial costs. Opportunity costs: Could have borrowed from relatives or friend as there are no legal agreements involved. Tax effects: No financial costs are involved. Factoring Tangible cost: The business must pay interests and fees for the factor for its services the interest is calculated on a dailybasis, credit management and administrative fee are also chargedand ranges. Opportunity costs: Working Capital will be a better alternative or relatives and friends. Tax effects: The business must pay interests and fees for the factor for its services and the cost will be areduction on the company’s profit margin. Evaluate appropriate sources of finance for a business project There are several sources of finance available to a business on the market. Finances are needed for many and different purposes need sources offinance which are most suitable. When choosing a most appropriate source of finance some conditions have to be considered. The conditions that need tobe considered when choosing an appropriate source of finance are: The amount of money needed The urgency of funds The cost of source of finance The risk involved The duration of finance The gearing ratio of thebusiness The control of the business Project Hair and Beauty Business Project â€Å"Inspiration† aims are to be the first beauty salon in the local area which will deliver unique and quality service by offering high standard beauty products which will quickly gain market share. â€Å"Inspiration† will provide customers with a relaxing and comforting atmosphere which will help them to enjoy the service provided to gained high reputation. Building   Mortgage long term which will be payable for 25 years. Personnel Bank Loan short time with fixed repayment 3-5 years. Furniture and stationary etc. Working Capital owners finding that are invested into business. Brochures   Overdraft short-term it is usually cheaper than a bank loan. Advertisement   Bank Loan Set repayments, spread over a period of time, interest high. Others   Relatives or friends. These loans will be paid from the cash flow from the business and will be collateralized by the assets of the company on short-term or long-term agreements with the lenders.

Evolutionary Psychology

Evolutionary psychologists view human behavior and psychological traits as a result of evolutionary adaptation in response to reproductive needs – much like the concept of natural selection applied to reproduction, or sexual selection. Drawing from this perspective, evolutionary psychologists and professionals seek to explain the differences between male and female dating and mating rituals and sexual attitudes and how they have evolved throughout the centuries.For example, researchers employ the evolutionary perspective to discuss the differences in male and female promiscuity, aggressiveness, dominance, dating patterns, and the development of sexual attitudes – differences which seem to become less apparent in modern times than the more traditional sexual values expressed throughout history. Evolutionary psychologists would propose that differences between male and female promiscuity are a result of the evolving need to ensure reproduction.While traditional female sex ual attitudes and values are evolving and females are increasingly becoming more comfortable in expressing sexual aggression or dominance in modern times, these traditional differences may be explained from the standpoint of adaptation to reproductive demands as well. Women are more limited in reproductive opportunity than men, having a limited number of eggs and a limited amount of time in which to reproduce optimally, while men have a much more unlimited reproductive opportunity with hundreds of thousands of available sperm and a many more reproductively-viable years than women.Evolutionary psychologists would propose that the differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors among men and women are directly attributable to these reproductive differences as evidenced by the innate desire of men for sexual promiscuity, as compared to the highly selective manner of reproductive behavior among women.While the evolution of social attitudes towards female sexuality has produced an acceptan ce of evolving sexual behavior among women, evolutionary professionals propose that the innate differences between men and women with regard to parenting style, romantic behavior, preferences in sexual partners, and the extent to which looks and personality play a role in mating selection, are a result of evolutionary adaptations.Evolutionary psychology would propose that male and female sexual behavior is centered on the innate need to optimize reproductive opportunity – men being visually stimulated and aggressive in order to ensure a fertile mate and reproductive opportunity, while women express nurturance and attraction towards partners who can provide, ensuring survival of the family unit. These sexual and mating differences, according to evolutionary psychology, ensure the passing on of ones’ genes.

The Power Of Yoga And Yoga Essay - 964 Words

Briana Jauregui Professor Hodge English 475 8 December 2014 The Power of Yoga Are you feeling stressed, worried, unrelaxed, looking to free your mind, or increase your flexibility? That’s where you might look into yoga. Not just yoga but the different distinct types of yoga because depending on what you want to achieve you have to take the right class. Yoga is a Hindu spiritual and an ascetic discipline to help you with specific body health. The word Yoga comes from Sanskrit an ancient indian language. And yoga meaning union. Yoga is said to be for good purpose of bringing together the mind, body, and spirit. Freeing your mind of worries and the junk that we keep trapped can prevent damaging us physically and mentally. That’s where Yoga comes to place. In order to live freely we have to free our mind to continue the journey of new life beginnings. 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